Analysis Of Homer s The Odyssey - 903 Words

In Homer’s epic poem, The Odyssey, certain characters are granted with the ability to make decisions for themselves, while others must deal with external factors, whether it be fate or divine intervention, that predispose their lives. Similarly, women are predisposed with the inability to make choices for themselves while men are born with the right to uphold power and enforce control over the female gender. Contrary to these gender stereotypes concerning power in a Homeric world, Homer instills Penelope with complete control, while leaving Odysseus with none. It is this distribution of control in Penelope that enables Odysseus to complete his nostos and re-identify himself, therefore pushing the boundaries of gender norms. Throughout the epic poem, Homer deprives Odysseus of any ability of choice, leaving his entire nostos to be controlled by both divine intervention and fate. Zeus first validates Odysseus’s lack of control during a council with the Gods, informing the m to â€Å"work out his journey home so Odysseus can return† (Homer 80). Zeus commands the Gods that it is their responsibility to prescribe Odyssey’s voyage, rather than giving him the ability to make his individual choices. Additionally, after Odysseus blinds Polyphemus, Polyphemus requests to his father, a God, that he â€Å"never reaches home. Or if he’s fated to see his people once again†¦ let him come a broken man† (Homer 9. Pg. 228). Polyphemus’s request, which is later granted, demonstrates the degree in whichShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey By Homer1202 Words   |  5 Pagescoping with the idea of losing his father and letting others to rule Ithaca. It is noticeable from the beginning of The Odyssey, written by Homer that Telemachus finds himself in a complicated situation where his life is seen to be in danger. He is a character of being distance from people. The idea of Telemachus becoming his own father, threatens suito r’s control in Ithaca. Homer describes Telemachus as a teenager who has not found himself and is on a mission to become an adult as his father. TelemachusRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey By Homer1095 Words   |  5 Pagesused in Homer’s Odyssey is the digression. The digression is departure from the main storyline that does not alter the action of the story, but adds a layer of sentimental content to the plot which usually helps underscore themes central to the story. The digressions in the Odyssey are meticulously written with great attention to detail just like the rest of the epic, and they truly help readers grasp the important aspects of the story. The liberal use of digression in the Odyssey helps build a vividRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey By Homer2018 Words   |  9 PagesThe Odyssey by Homer is more light in tone than the Iliad, of the same author: The good wins while the evil is punished. Even though the gods are still strict, the relationship bet ween Odysseus and Athena is a more sincere and equal a relationship than between God and Man in the Iliad. Odysseus is distinguished not only by his bravery, but largely by his intellect and cunning. He is the type of resourceful man whom never gives up, thinks of the causes, is reverent and never gives in. The Odyssey isRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey, By Homer915 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the Odyssey, the hero, Odysseus is portrayed in two different and contradicting lights: the wise hero and the capricious leader blinded by his own pride. The epic writer, Homer, embodies the theme of hubris throughout Odysseus’ journey home. The idea of hubris, a trait of excessive pride, significantly develops personalities of characters within The Odyssey, and Homer ultimately creates a statement about excessive pride. The dual portrayal of Odysseus leads the reader to ultimatelyRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey By Homer Essay1479 Words   |  6 Pages The word â€Å"Family†, according to Merriam Webster, is thought to be a group of people brought together by common affiliation. The same cannot be said for the culture in the Odyssey by Homer. In the Odyssey, Odysseus is trying to get back home from fighting in the Trojan War. He has been away from home for almost 20 years longing to just be reunited with his kinfolk. Along the way, he comes across many obstacles that hinders him from reaching his home and family in in Ithaca. Luckily, the memoriesRead MoreAnalysis Of Odyssey By Homer s Odyssey2253 Words   |  10 Pagesand Midwifery Council, 2006). The literature surrounding the subject of mentorship is vast and fails to provide a single definition, however the terms used are often similar. Colley (2000) writes that the word mentor originated in Homer’s poem ‘Odyssey’ in which the character oversees the development of Telemachus. Usually mentoring describes the process of an experienced team member using their skills and knowledge to educate and develop a junior or less skilled co-worker (Chartered Institute ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Odyssey 1483 Words   |  6 PagesViolence in The Odyssey Violence in Literature can take any form, whether it be natural disaster like and earthquake or a human based disaster like war (Campbell). In Homer’s The Odyssey both types are found†¦ whether it’s Odysseus’s hardships like making it home or dealing with the wrath of the god Poseidon. Every violent scene has its own reasons, some are more reasonable than others. For instance, the gods were angered by the disobedience of the mortals, this is more reasonable than the killingRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Odyssey 795 Words   |  4 Pages Odysseus Epic Hero In the Epic, â€Å"The Odyssey, spoken by Homer, conveys a heroic tale of an epic hero named, Odysseus, who faces many challenges as he sails to get home. One of the tasks Odysseus faces is, The Sirens, who challenge Odysseus s will power. Another challenge Odysseus encounters is, â€Å"The Cyclops, who torments and slaughters some of Odysseus s men due to his curiosity. One of the hardest threats he had to confront was, â€Å"The Land ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Odyssey1636 Words   |  7 PagesGreek society, Homer’s The Odyssey provides a detailed insight into the values of this intricate culture. In particular, this epic discusses the ways in which the deathless gods influence the fates of the mortals. The overall impact of the gods’ power is the mental straining that emerges from the unrelenting conflict of man versus immortal. Likewise, the actions and misfortunes of others also catalyze this extremely significant and powerful mental battle. Homerâ€⠄¢s The Odyssey reveals the values of ancientRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Odyssey 1128 Words   |  5 Pages The Odyssey shows a lot of different stereotypes for women throughout the book, taking action to get what they want. Odysseus is trying to get back home after ten long years since the fall of troy, and his son is going out to find him. Throughout the book Odysseus meets lots of woman who vary in personality. He meets woman with the stereotypes: â€Å"mantis†- dominant, eats its mate, destroys to gain power, feared by many. â€Å"Damsel in distress†- persecuted maiden, woman placed in a dire predicament requires

Analysis Of Consuelo Vanderbilt s The Glitter And The...

Consuelo Vanderbilt’s memoir, The Glitter and the Gold, provides an insightful recollection of life both in and around the English country house of the late nineteenth century. While there is a multiplicity of themes in the short passage on pages 88 and 89, this essay will specifically focus on the themes of international influence – including the presence of the American â€Å"dollar princess† – as well as the long-lasting effects of tradition, in regards to the importance of social hierarchy and ancestry. One other theme that also seems to resonate throughout is the prestige of the British Empire. What these themes reveal is the way the country house was saturated by the influences of both the modern and the traditional, especially since the country house lifestyle that Vanderbilt experienced was during a time of rapid change at the turn of the twentieth-century. One signifier of this change was a growing internationalist attitude in regards to the imple mentation of foreign practices. Many instances of foreign influence in this section of Vanderbilt’s memoir appear not only in regards to the overall features of the country house, but also in aspects related to the dinner itself, such as the seating arrangement and food. In the first sentence, Vanderbilt described how she would receive and entertain the guests in the Italian garden of Blenheim until dinnertime. The Italian influence on the garden must have been used to not only showcase the country house owner’s knowledge on

Microsoft frontpage Free Essays

HTML is a technology which is used for creating web pages and linking all the pages to make a complete website. It provides facilities to embed tags to format and design text, images and other multimedia elements into a webpage. . We will write a custom essay sample on Microsoft frontpage or any similar topic only for you Order Now All these combined web pages are hosted to the internet and is registered under a domain that facilitates it to have an Internet Protocol address to access it over the internet domain (W3C.org, 2007). Internet web server functions for hosting the web pages over the internet (Hughes, 2000). It has got a detailed process in its functionality and serving requests, which is as follows: Â  It is a computer software which resides on a central place for providing its services. The web pages written in HTML are stored into the web server. The web pages take into account the entire composition of the services website. Once the request is made from an internet browser for a particular web page, the request is interpreted and translated. The requested is served and the web page is displayed on the client’s browser window. The web pages can be either static or dynamic in nature. Microsoft FrontPage is application software which is used to construct websites (HTML pages) and allows using several facilities for adding dynamic content over the internet (FrontPage2002.com, 2007). It possesses the following features: The primary feature is the drag and drop facility of the page elements that are to be presented in the html page. FrontPage offers rich set of powerful features that are required to build a website. It offers facility to copy files and create hyperlinks with ease. Â  Offers an advanced set of toolbars which can be exploited to its fullest extent for creating the website Helps in creating pop-ups quite easily. It allows database creations and associated links It works for positioning text in cells and 3D lighting techniques Creates automatic cascading style sheets and quite easy for making amendments Possess the ability to create inline frames for embedding more than one web pages It comprises handwriting recognition to enter text into pages Creates photo gallery linking the images and putting into the website The Microsoft Script editor enhances the use of information in forms and provides client and server side scripting facilities One is given the facility to create online surveys and gather support and results for users FrontPage offers specific facilities to edit and store web pages on a web server. The components which are used are as follows: It possesses a publishing dialogue to store and edit web pages over the internet. It also facilitates using single page publishing to add content in web pages. The publishing activities can be tracked into a log file classifying it into confirmations and warnings. The enhanced publishing feature to drag and drop files is quite rich as it can be edited, dragged, dropped and deleted from and to any location (FrontPage2002.com, 2007). The server editions make sure that a page can be published and managed by using a web server and create reports and filter them according to choice. The above facilities make sure that FrontPage is used effectively in publishing content over the internet and provides efficient mechanism to edit and delete content. How to cite Microsoft frontpage, Essay examples

How Shakespeare presents the character Shylock in The Merchant Of Venice Essay Example For Students

How Shakespeare presents the character Shylock in The Merchant Of Venice Essay I will be exploring how Shakespeare presents the character of Shylock in The Merchant Of Venice by using close reference of the text. I will also examine how the character of Shylock could evoke sympathy of a modern audience. Throughout The Merchant Of Venice there is a clear separation between Christians and Jews. This separation has been outlined throughout history. Christians and Jews have antagonised each other because of their beliefs. All arguments stem from the fact that Christians and Jews believe different things about Jesus. Christians believe that Jesus was the son of the god and that he sacrificed himself in order to save humanity from sin. Whereas Jews believe that Jesus wasnt the messiah and that when the messiah comes it will take them to the promised land of Zion. The clear anger between Christians and Jews in The Merchant Of Venice can be traced back to the event of the Holocaust. The Holocaust took place between 1941 and 1945. It was the extermination of more than 15 people including Jews. The event of the holocaust was what caused the anger between Christians and Jews. The occurrence of the Holocaust could evoke sympathy with a modern audience, as they are more likely to sympathise with Shylock who is representing the Jewish tribe. A modern audience is likely to sympathise with a Jewish character, as they know what the Jews went through during the Holocaust so they will feel sympathy for the character. During The Merchant Of Venice sympathy is lost and gained by Shylock who represents the Jews. I am going to explore where and how this sympathy is lost and gained throughout Act1 Scene3, Act3 Scene1, and Act4 Scene1. First I will look at how sympathy is lost by shylock then I will look at how Shylock gains sympathy in each scene. At the start of Act1 Scene3 shylock loses sympathy of the audience when he says to Bassanio: Oh, no, no, no, no: my meaning in saying he is a good man is to have you understand me that he is sufficient This quote shows that Shylock is a typical Jewish stereotype by putting money above everything else. The word sufficient points out the importance of Antonio have sufficient money that shylock can take. This portrays Shylock as being selfish and greedy therefore losing sympathy with the audience. When Antonio enters the scene, Shylock makes a comment aside, to the audience. He says: How like a fawning publican he looks, I hate him for he is a Christian, But more for that in low simplicity he lends out money gratis This quote alludes to the fact that Shylock doesnt like Antonio, not just because he is a Christian, but because he lends out money gratis which means without charging interest. Again this is showing shylock as a typical Jewish stereotype losing sympathy with the audience. Also in the speech he makes aside to the audience Shylock states that: If I can catch him once upon the hip, I will feed fat the ancient grudge I bear him This statement again, will cause the audience to lose sympathy with Shylock as he is showing his evil side. Shylock is saying that if he gets the chance to kill or harm Antonio then he will. Does the word fat imply something that will occur later in the play? Near to the end of the scene Shylock shows his evil side again by talking about Antonios forfeit. He says: Be nominated for an equal pound of your fair flesh to be taken in what part of your body pleaseth me This quote shows that Shylock wants to take flesh from Antonio instead of taking money as the forfeit. The word pleaseth shows how sick he is being pleased at taking flesh from Antonios body therefore losing sympathy with the audience. Although all these quotes point to the fact Shylock loses sympathy with the audience, there are parts of Act1 Scene3 where he gains sympathy from the audience. The first point where sympathy is gained is at the beginning of the scene where Bassanio asks Shylock to dine with him. Shylock replies: I will buy with you, sell with you, talk with you, walk with you, but I will not eat with you, drink with you nor pray with you The words you show that there are more Christians than Jews on the stage. This creates sympathy for Shylock, as he cant mix with Christians. This shows social segregation. Later in the scene Antonio talks to Shylock about what Shylock is really like, he says: The devil can cite scripture for his purpose. An evil soul producing holy wit ness is like a villain with a smiling cheek. A goodly apple rotten at the heart. O what a goodly outside falsehood hath! This speech talks about how Antonio thinks Shylock is putting on a false front saying he may look kind but he is rotten at the heart. Also he calls Shylock a devil. These things can create sympathy for Shylock as he is being called names that may not be true. Just after Antonio makes this speech Shylock makes his own speech. Some of the things that create sympathy for shylock in this speech are: For sufferance is the badge of all our tribe. You call me misbeliever, cut throat dog and spit upon my Jewish gabardine You that did void your rheum upon my beard, and foot me as you spurn a stranger cur Hath a dog money? Is it possible a cur can lend three thousand ducats? Fair sir, you spit on me Wednesday last; you spurnd me such a day; another time you called me dog, and for these courtesies Ill lend you thus much moneys? All these quotes show how Shylock has been treated in the past. He has been called misbeliever, cut-throat dog and had his Jew ish gabardine spit upon. Shylock asks Antonio why he should lend him money. This shows how intelligent Shylock is. Shakespeare's comedy EssayTherefore I sympathise with Shylock in this scene. I will now study the text of Act4 Scene1 and will look at the areas where shylock loses and gains sympathy. I will start with looking where Shylock loses sympathy. At the beginning of Act 4 Scene 1 the characters present are asking Shylock why he is taking Antonios flesh. When asked this question, Shylock replies with a speech. One of the quotes from this speech that loses Shylock sympathy is: But, say, it is my humour: is it answerd? This quote loses Shylock sympathy because he is saying that he taking Antonios flesh for fun and just because he wants to. The audience will lose sympathy with Shylock as taking flesh from a persons body is seen as inhuman. Later on in Shylocks speech about why he is taking Antonios flesh, Shylock states that: More than a lodged hate and a certain loathing I bear Antonio, that I follow thus a losing suit against him. Are you answerd? In this quote, Shylock is saying that he is taking Antonios flesh because he hates him and loathes him, this would lose sympathy for him with the audience because, again, he is acting inhuman. Further on in this Scene when Antonio is about to have his flesh taken, Bassanio decides to risk his own life for Antonios. He says: Good cheer, Antonio! What, man, courage yet! The Jew shall have my flesh, blood, bones and all, Ere thou shalt lose for me one drop of blood. This quote will lose sympathy for Shylock as Bassanio is showing homoerotic undertones, Shylock is ruining someones relationship, thus causing the audience to lose sympathy with him. Another area where Shylock loses sympathy is later on in the scene, when the conditions of the bond are being agreed, Portia who is disguised as a doctor of laws suggests that Shylock has a surgeon on stand incase Antonio bleeds to death, Shylock replies with the comment: I cannot find it, tis not in the bond. This quote will lose Shylock sympathy as he will not agree to have a surgeon standing by as he doesnt want Antonio to be saved, this is cold-hearted and the actions of a murderer, thus causing loss of sympathy. The last comment that is made in this scene causing the audience to lose sympathy with Shylock is when Bassanio reveals homoerotic undertones again. Bassanio says to Antonio: I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them all Here to this devil, to deliver you. This quote will cause loss of sympathy for Shylock as he is braking up a relationship and the audience will view this as being evil and uncaring. Although there are many points in Act 4 Scene 1 where Shylock loses sympathy with the audience, there are also parts where Shylock gains sympathy with the audience. I will study these now. The first point at which Shylock gains sympathy with the audience is at the beginning of the scene when Bassanio calls him: Unfeeling man This causes the audience to gain sympathy with Shylock as he is being called names and is being classed as a typical Jewish stereotype. Later on in the scene Antonio makes a comment that gains Shylock sympathy with the audience. He compares Shylock to several things. These are: You may as well use question with the wolf. Why he hath made the ewe bleat for the lamb; You may as well forbid the mountain pines To way their high tops and make no noise This comment makes the audience sympathise with Shylock as he is being compared to an animal. The audience will sympathise with him because it is not fair, calling him names and comparing him 2 a killer. Towards the end of the scene, Portia who is disguised as a doctor of laws is going through the rules of the bond. One of the things she says is: In the cutting it, if thou dost shed One drop of Christian blood, thy lands and goods Are, bye the laws of Venice, confiscate unto the state of Venice This comment causes the audience to sympathise with Shylock because if he does not follow the rules then he will lose his land and all his belongings. The last quote from the play where Shylock gains sympathy is when he is asked to sign the deed, he says: I pray you, give me leave to go from hence; I ma not well: send the deed after me, And I will sign it This quote creates sympathy as it is alluding to the fact that he is too ill to sign the contract and physically not able to stay in court. This creates sympathy, as the audience will feel sorry for him, as he is not well. After studying the quotes I have taken from this scene, I think there is more evidence of not sympathising with Shylock. We learn about how he is too ill to stay in court and how he nearly lost all his belongings yet he was still going to go through with killing Antonio and I think that is cold-hearted and cruel. Therefore I do not sympathise with Shylock in this scene. After studying the text thoroughly and taking into account the quotes I have chosen to support both sides of the argument I have come to the conclusion that I do not sympathise with Shylock in this play. He has shown that he can kill an innocent person all because he doesnt like their religion and I think he is cold-hearted and a killer. However, I do sympathise with him when he is being called names by the other characters, as I dont think it is fair to call someone just because of their religion. Although there are times when I sympathise with Shylock in this play, overall I do not sympathise with him because I dont like his actions he takes against other characters because of their religion.

Biographical Profile of Virginia Woolf

Biographical Profile of Virginia Woolf (1882-1941) British writer. Virginia Woolf became one of the most prominent literary figures of the early 20th century, with novels like Mrs. Dalloway (1925), Jacobs Room (1922), To the Lighthouse (1927), and The Waves (1931).Woolf learned early on that it was her fate to be the daughter of educated men. In a journal entry shortly after her fathers death in 1904, she wrote: His life would have ended mine... No writing, no books: inconceivable. Luckily, for the literary world, Woolfs conviction would be overcome by her itch to write. Virginia Woolf Birth: Virginia Woolf was born Adeline Virginia Stephen on January 25, 1882, in London. Woolf was educated at home by her father, Sir Leslie Stephen, the author of the Dictionary of English Biography, and she read extensively. Her mother, Julia Duckworth Stephen, was a nurse, who published a book on nursing. Her mother died in 1895, which was the catalyst for Virginias first mental breakdown. Virginias sister, Stella, died in 1897; and her father dies in 1904. Virginia Woolf Death: Virginia Woolf died on March 28, 1941 near Rodmell, Sussex, England. She left a note for her husband, Leonard, and for her sister, Vanessa. Then, Virginia walked to the River Ouse, put a large stone in her pocket, and drowned herself. Children found her body 18 days later. Virginia Woolf Marriage: Virginia married Leonard Wolf in 1912. Leonard was a journalist. In 1917 the she and her husband founded Hogarth Press, which became a successful publishing house, printing the early works of authors such as Forster, Katherine Mansfield, and T. S. Eliot, and introducing the works of Sigmund Freud. Except for the first printing of Woolfs first novel, The Voyage Out (1915), Hogarth Press also published all of her works. Bloomsbury Group: Together, Virginia and Leonard Woolf was a part of the famous Bloomsbury Group, which included E.M. Forster, Duncan Grant, Virginias sister, Vanessa Bell, Gertrude Stein, James Joyce, Ezra Pound, and T. S. Eliot. Virginia Woolf Achievements: Virginia Woolfs works are often closely linked to the development of feminist criticism, but she was also an important writer in the modernist movement. She revolutionized the novel with stream of consciousness, which allowed her to depict the inner lives of her characters in all too intimate detail. In A Room of Ones Own Woolf writes, we think back through our mothers if we are women. It is useless to go to the great men writers for help, however much one may go to them for pleasure. Virginia Woolf Quotes: I would venture to guess that Anon, who wrote so many poems without signing them, was often a woman.One of the signs of passing youth is the birth of a sense of fellowship with other human beings as we take our place among them.- Hours in a LibraryMrs. Dalloway said she would buy the flowers herself.- Mrs. DallowayIt was an uncertain spring. The weather, perpetually changing, sent clouds of blue and purple flying over the land.- The Years To the Lighthouse Quotes: What is the meaning of life?... a simple question; one that tended to close in on one with years. The great revelation had never come. The great revelation perhaps never did come. Instead there were little daily miracles, illuminations, matches struck unexpectedly in the dark.The extraordinary irrationality of her remark, the folly of womens minds enraged him. He had ridden through the valley of death, been shattered and shivered; and now, she flew in the face of facts... A Room of Ones Own Quotes: Imaginative work... is like a spiders web, attached ever so lightly perhaps, but still attached to life at all four corners.... But when the web is pulled askew, hooked up at the edge, torn in the middle, one remembers that these webs are not spun in midair by incorporeal creatures, but are the work of suffering, human beings, and are attached to the grossly material things, like health and money and the houses we live in. More Details of Virginia Woolfs Life: In A Room of Ones Own, Woolf writes, When...one reads of a witch being ducked, of a woman possessed by devils, of a wise woman selling herbs, or even of a very remarkable man who had a mother, then I think we are on the track of a lost novelist, a suppressed poet, of some mute and inglorious Jane Austen, some Emily Bronte who dashed her brains out on the moor or mopped and mowed about the highways crazed with the torture that her gift had put her to. Indeed, I would venture to guess that Anon, who wrote so many poems without signing them, was often a woman.From the time of her mothers death in 1895, Woolf suffered from what is now believed to have been bipolar disorder, which is characterized by alternating moods of mania and depression. In 1941, at the apparent onset of a period of depression, Woolf drowned herself in the Ouse River. He dreaded World War II. She feared that she was about to lose her mind and become a burden on her husband. She left her husband a note explaining that she feared she was going mad and this time would not recover.

buy custom Parent with an APD Child essay

buy custom Parent with an APD Child essay The parent is recommended to acquire a visual attention program which will help the child to sharpen his vision. The family members should be informed about the condition in order for them to fully help that particular child. A parent is also advised to remove all background noises which may hinder proper communication. Background noise will always compete with the necessary information that the child needs to grasp therefore it will be difficult for such a child to figure out the important information being conveyed. Its important to speak to the child when you are close to her and avoid unnecessary movements when passing information because such distractions makes the attention of the child to shift to other things that may not be important. Also movements have a tendency to change the voice making communication harder. The child may have an easy time if they dont have to compensate for the lost words as a result of tone and voice variation. Therefore a parent should avoid increasing the volume of the voice because it will not yield any results. Therefore a parent is advised to speak in a consistent voice for clear perception of that information. The statements that should be spoken to the child should be brief, simple and not complex because people with auditory processing disorder have difficulties in grasping long and complex statements. In case a parent is teaching the child its important that the word is repeated severally for the child to master it before moving to another word. This is essential because many words spoken at the same time cause confusion and they may also make the auditory processing system in the brain to shut down (Roeser, Valente and Hosford-Dunn, 2000). A parent should learn to repeat whatever word they have spoken but after some time to give allowance for proper processing of the spoken word. Procession of words becomes a problem if the speaker keeps speaking without any break. A parent can also train the child to cue the speaker before and after speaking. In most cases the child may only process two words in the first statement therefore a parent need to understand that effective communication can only happen through consistent repetition of that particular statement. One of the thumb rules that can be of great use is to give a child about a minute before repeating the same statement because by then you will be knowing if whatever you said was understood or not. Its important for a parent to look keenly and notice the people that the child understands better. This is important because the people that the child has issues with understanding may need to make some changes for instance tone variation (National Institute on Deafness an d Other Communication Disorders, 2001). Communication can also be improved by employing non verbal communication for instance the usage of pictures may yield some good results. A parent can also combine spoken words with sign language because this will help a child to have a picture of whatever is being spoken. Phonics skills can be taught to a child by employing visual flashcards. In this case a parent is advised to start with the simplest sound moving upwards. This process may be very beneficial because the brain of the child can start to learn how to process speech. This system is very important to children that may fail to acquire or learn sign language because of the irritation that comes as a result of focusing on movements. Teachers can also be of great importance for instance they should ensure such a child usually sits at the front. The teacher can also ensure that he stands at a place where the child is in a position to see his mouth and face as he speaks. Auditory Processing Disorder is not easily diagnosed and treated therefore its important to develop the strategies which help to boost your speech procession if you realize that you have the problem (Foli and Hallowell, 2003). Buy custom Parent with an APD Child essay

Theme of love in Roman Fever Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Theme of love in Roman Fever - Essay Example It was recorded live during the work's New York premiere production, given at the Manhattan School in December 2001. Ward (b. 1917) has had a long, distinguished career, the highlight of which was the Pulitzer Prize he was awarded in 1962 for his opera The Crucible, after Arthur Miller's play. His musical idiom, here as elsewhere, is quite conservative tonally (he asserts in the notes that the line between opera and Broadway is becoming increasingly blurred), but he understands the effective deployment of dissonance and variety. This is best demonstrated in the last ten minutes of the hour-long piece, when an accidental meeting in Rome of two old friends -- twenty years after they first spent time there together -- results in a series of intense revelations that turn long-held assumptions upside-down for both of them. Wharton's story has a shocker of a dosing line, which librettist Roger Brunyate has preserved. The section leading up to it flits in and out of an arrestingly rhythmic 7/8 feel, unlike anything we've heard in the rest of the piece. Prior to that, the music has been unfailingly pleasant, if occasionally meandering, and the characters successfully drawn, but Ward and Brunyate have had to struggle with the fact that not much happens in the story -- the surprises begin only toward the end. Dorothy Grimley, as Alida, has a moving aria about the clanging church bells and the unpleasant memories they bring back. The four women (two mothers and their daughters) have a beautiful quartet, an outstanding example of vocal ensemble writing. The orchestrational and vocal flights of fancy in the latter part of "They kissed our hands" (for the two girls, sung by Amy Shoremount and Eudora Brown) help us forget that the beginning is a direct lift from Cole Porter's "It's DeLovely." In all, Roman Fever is an adroit, thoughtfully expanded operatic treatment of a great story, if not a great opera in itself; there is, however, plenty to enjoy. The continuing commitment to the production of contemporary opera by the Manhattan School is an invaluable experience for its students, who for the most part outdo themselves when given the chance to sing challenging new roles. The four young women in the cast (Erin Elizabeth Smith completes the quartet as Grace) all sing clearly and attractively; each mother/daughter pair shares a similar vocal coloring, so that similarity of sound is familial, not generational. Maxime Alvarez de Toledo divertingly rounds out the cast of five as a self-dramatizing waiter singing in Italian-accented English. The students of the Manhattan School of Music Opera Orchestra are in fine form under conductor David Gilbert. The Story Two old friends, Alida Slade and Grace Ansley, are finishing lunch on the terrace of a Roman restaurant and move to the parapet, where they benignly contemplate the magnificent ruins of the Palatine and the Forum. Remarking that the scene below is the most beautiful view in the world, the two ladies agree to spend the afternoon on the terrace. Alida arranges with the waiter to permit them to stay until evening. They hear their daughters, Barbara Ansley and Jenny Slade, departing to spend the afternoon with two eligible young Italian men, and Grace remarks that the young women will probably return late, flying back by moonlight from Tarquinia. It becomes evident at this point that Grace has a closer relationship with her daughter than Alida has with Jenny because Alida did not know where the girls were going. Also, Barbara remarks a bit ruefully to Jenny as the two of them depart that they are leaving their mothers with nothing much to do. At that point, Alida broaches the

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Marketing - Essay Example However, this is not the only concern that will eventually give out the whole picture of Apple’s marketing environment. There is a substantial need to actually look in detail the two major components of marketing environment. The first component is the microenvironment which substantially deals with concerns regarding the company, suppliers, marketing intermediaries, customers and publics (Kotler et al., 1999). The second component on the other hand is the macroenvironment which consists of influential forces such as demographic, economic, natural, tefchnological, political and cultural (Kotler et al., 1999; Boone and Kurtz, 2006). The Microenvironment and Macroenvironment Since its manufacturing and logistics are relied on the third parties, Apple Incorporated tries to give significant emphasis on the level of impact of this relationship on its actual marketing operation (Apple Incorporated, 2011). This gives Apple a more meaningful approach in order to come up with effective service that could sustain the current needs and trends in the market. Apple does not need to keep too much focus on its suppliers since as mentioned earlier; it relies on its manufacturing activity on the third parties. Apple does not need to give time on where to find the needed resources in order to address effective customer value delivery system for product manufacturing. As Kotler et al. (1999) emphasised, the effective customer value system is the basic impact of suppliers in the marketing environment. It seems this is true in other organisations which have integrated manufacturing activity in their operation. However, it is definitely different from Apple. Such of this difference from other ongoing activities in other organisations of the same industry gives Apple considerable time to monitor effectively its products’ quality, innovation and substantive differentiation. This offers a competitive advantage for Apple to give more priority for its total quality manageme nt system. In fact, this can be elaborately pointed out as one of the reasons why Apple was able to reach for its competitive advantage. The good thing about this full reliance of Apple of its manufacturing activities on the third parties is a close monitoring of other related marketing intermediaries such as promotion and other marketing related activities. With this, Apple has remarkably created control over its entire marketing operation from the manufacturing point of view. Since Apple is one of the leading organisations in its industry, it can substantially demand higher quality for its line of products. It can demand the most innovative design that would greatly enhance its marketing performance. Marketing intermediaries are able to help Apple to promote and distribute its line of products to prospective customers. After all, marketing intermediaries are an organisation’s alliances prior to creating services and offerings that will substantially address the needs of cus tomers (Kotler et al., 1999). Marketing is also about the study of customer market in the first place which substantially involved customer, business, reseller, institutional, government and international markets (Kotler et al. 1999). All of these are actually considered by Apple prior to creating on-time and quality service for its customers (Apple Incorporated, 2011). It gives too much emphasis on its relationship with resellers for there is substantive control of its marketing system in here. Apple Incorporated (2011) emphasises that its performance particularly in

Government 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Government 2 - Essay Example Currently, members of this court include John Robert (chief Justice), associate justices Clarence Thomas, Stephen G. Breyer, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Samuel Alito, Anthony M. Kennedy, Antonin Scalia, John Paul Stevens and Sonia Sotomayor. Part B Born in New York, Buffalo on January 27, 1955, Chief Justice John G. Roberts took office as the chief Justice of the United States judiciary on September 29, 2005 after his nomination approval by the senate. Aged 55 then, Justice Roberts is a republican confirmed in his capacity by a Republican-lead Senate vote of 78 to 22 votes of the democrats. His views have majorly been conservative. Samuel Anthony Alito, Jr. is yet another conservative justice appointed under the Bush administration at the age of 56. Born April 1, 1950, Justice Alito has served the country in his capacity as an associate judge of the Supreme Court since January 31, 2006. Like Roberts, he was confirmed by a Republican-lead Senate vote of 58 to 42 votes of the Democrats. ... Do you think that it is important that diversity exists in terms of race, religion, gender, and the like among justices on the Supreme Court? Does this Court represent diversity, in your opinion? Explain. The political histories as well as personal ideologies of the two Supreme Court judges indicate they subscribe to the conservative ideologies of republicanism. Though related, political philosophy and judicial philosophy are strange bed fellows. On the one hand, Political philosophies concerns outcomes guided by individual thoughts of how world and the law by extension ought to operate. On the other hand, judicial philosophy is based on articulate, rational, defensible choices meant to guide decision-making and is largely fixed on the proper interpretation of the Constitution. These two justices have been strict agents of constitutionalism. Many at times, democratic presidents selected justices have turned to conservatism, and so has been Republican appointees turning liberal in the ir judgments. Though rode on republican influences, confirmations of these two justices fell short of a unanimous vote in the senate. This was simply due to the presence of dissident voices who thought they could not deliver past partisan interests. Whatever the Ideology that propelled them to their positions, judges of the Supreme Court are expected to be neutral in their judgments with strict adherence to the law to guard against going against the spirit of the constitution. Turning to the issue of diversity, Supreme Court Justices must be cognizant of how their judgments affect all Americans.  Courts are the only last resort for the marginalized seeking justice and protection from their government. Diversity of the Supreme Court must be upheld to guard again partisan judgments, either

Representing Prostitution In Victorian London

Representing Prostitution In Victorian London Nineteenth century England is commonly characterised by the successful expansion of an industrial society. Industrial growth defined the geography, economy and society of Victorian Britain, allowing for further establishment of the British Empire as a controlling and comprehensive Empire. The expansion of the urban society and the migration from rural life to that of the city worked to create a new public, with new social and economical opportunities. From the embers of the Industrial Revolution emerged a new middle-class. Complied of persons from varying economical heritages the new middle-class, those who had achieved significant financial success during the revolution placed themselves under a capitalist philosophy but defined themselves by their strict codes of morality. Such importance was placed upon social morality and respectability that was further clarified by domestic ideologies and clearly defined gender roles. The population of London was five times greater at the end of the nineteenth century than it was at the beginning and at its most explosive nearly tripled in two generations  [2]  . This influx of people moving from rural England to the urban environment of London had a resounding affect on the establishment of the city, socially, economically, politically and geographically. The industrialisation of the city provided many with new opportunities, which were not previously attainable and resulted in the rose of the new middle-class, the effects of which were polarized for many. Despite the vast expansion of other British cities as a result of the Industrial Revolution, namely Manchester, Leeds, Sheffield and Birmingham, London was targeted in contemporary literature as the prime example of an immoral urban environment. London was overwhelmed by the increased population, her foundations struggled to uphold the lifestyle migrants expected, and more often than not they were resolved to a life of hard labour, crime, disease and pollution.  [3]  Images of the lives of the lower and working classes were frequently depicted in the publications of the day, The Illustrated London News, The Graphic, The Saturday Review, The Illustrated Police News and the satirical Punch to name a few. One such image is Houseless and Hungry, 1869 by Samuel Luke Fildes, which, when published in the first edition of The Graphic, depicts a group of poverty stricken Londoners queuing alongside a large brick wall collecting tokens allowing them to stay in the Victorian workhouses overnight.  [4]  This image is in stark contradiction to MIDDLE CLASS ILLUSTRATION. Whilst these images show a distinct extreme in class identity, one can begin understand the varied social identities that circulated within London City in consideration of the following citation; ruling-class debauchee, masturbating adolescent, frigid middle-class housewife, precocious and depraved slum-child; the factory girl with her easy morals, the prostitute, the violated virgin, the lubricious working-class housewife, the incestuous alcoholic, the mothering pimping for her daughters; and more idealised types: fulfilled wife, attentive husband, chaste and informed student, innocent child.  [5]   Barret-Ducrocqs suggestion of Victorian characters shows how varied Victorian London was, and how class and gender affected the roles, which one could adopt within society. It was scarcely unexpected that representations of socially controversial figures found their way into prominent publications and paintings of the day. Chapter Two: The Women of London To understand the anxieties surrounding the figure of the prostitute in Victorian London one must first appreciate how women were regarded during the nineteenth century. Being that nineteenth century society was dominated by the middle-class, a result of the industrial revolution, one must account for social life before the arrival of the Victorian bourgeoisie. Before the development of the middle classes in the mid-early nineteenth century ideologies surrounding domesticity and moral responsibility were less prolific. It was the development, most prominently, of domestic ideology, which resulted in the significant decline of freedom available to women, Women enjoyed considerable freedom, status and authentic function during a golden age for women in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.  [6]  Mid-nineteenth century society, induced by the industrial revolution, was dominated by the concept of separate spheres. The prevailing ideology of separate spheres placed the man in the public environ among industry and politics, while the woman was resided to the private sphere. Thus women, mainly those of the middle classes, were expected to partake in the activities predominantly designated to domesticity. George Hickss triptych Womans Mission, 1863 narrates the concept of the separate spheres in a series, which follows the adult life of a moral and respectable middle-class woman. The use of the triptych form allowed Hicks to portray the varying roles associated with the nineteenth century feminine ideal. As previously stated the feminine ideal was, during the Victorian ear, rooted in the middle-class ideology of domesticity and moral responsibility. Entitled Womans Mission: The Guide to Childhood an image of a young woman partaking in the role of the doting mother begins Hickss series. As the title projects, The woman is defined as both physical and spiritual guide to childhood.  [7]  Neads statement is further encouraged by the symbolism of the woodland pathway along which the mother is tenderly leading her child and the manner in which she protects the child by sheltering him from the brambles. The central, and most well known, image of the triptych reveals a scene of the dedica ted wife tending to her grieving husband. This image known as Womans Mission: Companion of Manhood discloses the expected dynamic between husband and wife of the middle-class. His masculinity is represented as prominently within the image as her femininity is. The husband shows his character to be a moral and respectable male as he shields his weeping eyes from both the audience and his wife. Nineteenth century medical studies on the differences between male and female anatomy cited that women, as a result of their finer nerves, were more sensitive than men. Thus the archetypal Victorian man was widely represented as having control over his emotions and sensitivity.  [8]  The ornaments on the mantelpiece and the silverware on the nearby coffee table coupled with the fine and traditional Victorian middle-class interior support the feminine ideal, of a respectable wife dedicated to the pride of keeping her husbands house within this painting. The woman herself is portrayed as a fi gure of the feminine ideal; she is modestly dressed, in neutral and earthy tones, and leans upon her husband signifying the importance of the male figure within the domestic constitution.  [9]  The final image in the series Womans Mission: Comfort of Old Age shows the same woman as in the previous two scenes, this time, tending to an elderly relative. The prominence of this image is to show the continuity of the feminine ideal as it was expected during the period. The concept of the feminine ideal required at every stage of a middle-class womens life as, a mother, wife and daughter. Originally a doctrine of the middle-class alone, domesticity and the concept of the separate spheres began to infringe the boundaries of the working class. Hicks again narrates this concept in The Sinews of Old England, 1857. This image is similarly composed to Hickss later images Womans Mission where the female also stand alongside her husband leaning upon his left shoulder. Whilst this image shows the concept of the separate spheres in working-class circumstances it does not depict the domesticity and feminine ideal. The woman is decidedly different to that depicted in Womans Mission, her dress alone shows she is not of the middle-class ideal, the front of which is hitched up at the knee and she wears her sleeves rolled to the elbow suggesting she is ready to partake in the manual work common to those of her class. To support the differences suggested by dress are the physical attributes of the women. The lower-class woman reveals strong muscular arms as she rolls up her sleeves an d her complexion suggests someone who partakes in manual, possible outdoor, labour. This is in stark contrast to the petite frame of the middle-class woman who leans upon her husband for support. There are certain similarities between the paintings however. In both images the woman is shown as the keeper of the house, and in both it is the domestic accruements that highlight this ideal, behind the lower-class woman the audience is able to see the interior of the house in front of which she is stood. The similarities between the two images further stretch to the depictions of the men as the stronger gender. While in Womans Mission his masculinity it supported by his hiding tears from the public, the lower-class mans masculinity is show by his facing away from his wife and the domestic sphere and, as critics presumed, towards his source of work.  [10]   With such importance placed upon domesticity, moral responsibility and the feminine ideal by the middle-class it was not surprising that anything or anyone distancing themselves from what was often conceived as the norm or expected was called in to quested by Victorian moralists. The most questionable figure of nineteenth century urban society was that of the prostitute. The figure of the prostitute was not an uncommon one during the nineteenth century, as Dr Ryan, Campbell and Talbot citied, the number of prostitutes within the city was expected to be somewhere close to 80,000.  [11]  A wood engraving from Henry Mayhews London Labour and the London Poor, 1862 entitled The Haymarket-Midnight depicts a scene of London, at the Haymarket, where prostitution and deviant behaviour is plentiful. A social investigation by George Augustus Sala commented on the nocturnal activities of London, when among the socially deviant; A new life begins for London at midnight. Strange shapes appear of men and women who have lain a-bed all the day and evening, or have remained torpid in holes and corners. They come out arrayed in strange and fantastic garments, and in glaringly gaslit rooms screech and gabble in wild revelry. The street corners are beset by night prowlers. Phantoms arrayed in satin and lace flit upon the sight. The devil puts a diamond ring on his taloned finger, sticks a pin in his shirt; and takes his walks abroad. It is a stranger sight than even the painter Raffet imagined in his picture of Napoleons midnight review, and it is, I think, a much better thing to be at home and in bed, than wandering about and peeping into the mysteries of this unholy London night life.  [12]   What must be understood is that not all prostitutes were deviant figures for comparable reasons. The definition of prostitution was vast and varied according to where in society the figure was operating. Henry Mayhew in London Labour and the London Poor cites six different categories of prostitute; kept mistresses and prima donnas, convives who were separated into those subject to a mistress and those independent, low lodging house women, sailors and soldiers women, park women and thieves women.  [13]  Each of which, whilst remaining a deviant and immoral figure, certified their own social interpretation. Victorian representation of prostitution primarily focused on the lower class women of the city, however certain attention was given to women of the middle-classes who by some form of bad fortune found themselves in the world of prostitution. Known as fallen women those who transgressed the conventions of the middle-class, who negated domesticity and whose moral identity was dam aged caused particular anxieties for contemporaries. Known to be a society of sexual prudery, in reaction to the foundations laid by the new middle-class, Victorian society had to find a method of understanding and representing this ever developing social evil. Abraham Solomons representation Drowned! Drowned!, 1860 eloquently epitomises the varying discourses surrounding the figure of the mid-Victorian prostitute. Drowned! Drowned! was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1860, the year of its execution. Having previously painted two social commentaries, which were also exhibited at the Royal Academy, Solomon hoped that this work would finally acclaim his name as a prominent painter of social modernity.  [14]  The work however received a number of reviews, which frequently shifted between positive and negative. At one end of the scale his work was championed, receiving awards for its contemporary relevance, while at the other it was seriously criticised. Originally created as an oil painting, Drowned! Drowned! is now only in existence as a wood engraving. The image depicts a woman, whom one immediately associates with prostitution, being pulled from the River Thames. Solomon has provided viewers with an easily interpreted image portraying the devastating effects of social immorality. The environment around the prostitutes body is laden with symbolic imagery devoted to offering viewers an enveloping narrative of the circumstances in which the woman fell to such a degree of demise. The image illustrates the prostitutes body now settled on the riverbank at Westminster, easily identified by the commonly represented Bridge of Sighs in the background. Her body is laid up against that of a lower-class woman, who in reaction gazes down at the lifeless body, an expression of grief across her face. The prostitutes figure held in the womans arms emulates the form of the Pieta  [15]  . This traditional symbolism is pivotal in representing th e prostitute as a victim within the picture. By admitting moral symbolism into the image, Solomon portrays the representation of juxtaposed morals within Victorian society. The prostitutes social and moral downfall is highlighted prominently in the figures surrounding her dead body, which further act as instruments in this depiction of juxtaposing morals. To the right of the dead prostitute is a group of lower-class citizens, whilst to the left of the dead figure stand a group from middle-class boasting costumes from a masquerade ball. Here we see two groups of stereotypical Victorian characters, which seen together increase the power of the image by allowing not only a statement of the importance of morality but also providing the scene with a full narrative. The left-handed figures represented aspects of the immorality within society, they stand for indulgence, extravagance, corruptness and disorder. This is contradicted prominently in the morals shown by the group of lower-class characters, whose hard work and responsibility is given as an example of respectability.  [16]  The left-hand group of figures are understood to be travelling home from a masquerade ball, a popular event among the higher classes. Their clothing suggests such an outing has occurred, they are dressed in seventeenth century attire with aspects of the fanta stical added through masks and capes. The use of masqueraders as a representation of higher-classed figures encourages the audience to consider their immorality. The word masquerade can be attributed to the concept of deception, to faà §ade ones identity and thus can be applied to the female figures on the left of the image. To contemporaries this symbolic meaning highlighted the immortality of such activities, the true class identity of the figures is hidden from the public, and thus the women featured may be little more than kept mistresses or highly risen prostitutes. This is again polarized against the image of the lower class women, who do not attempt to hide their social identity, these women, despite their lower class, were considered respectable within Victorian society. The immorality of the deviant middle-class is further exhibited in the image portrayed by the most forward male masquerader who contemporary audiences interpreted to be the fallen womens seducer. The narrat ive surrounding this figure arises from his surprised expression as he stares at the dead prostitutes body. The placement of the seducer within the picture enhances the idea of the prostitute as a victim of society. VICTIM OF SOCIETY WHY WAS SHE CONSIDERED SO? The concept of the prostitute as a victim of society at, is promoted in other Victorian imagery, however it remained that as a patriarchal society the promotion or display of male sexuality did not act to destabilise the morality of society. Ford Maddox Browns painting Take Your Son Sir, 1851-6, has occasionally been referenced with the theme of social immorality, though others believe it to be a purely representation of a wife holding a child out to her husband. The painting uses a traditional Madonna and Child composition, however shows the mother and child within a contemporary Victorian interior, which negates away from the concept of traditionalist imagery. The woman holds the child out in front of her, whilst the image of a male can be seen in the mirror behind the mother and child, a mirror which acting as a nimbus continues the theme of traditional Madonna and Child imagery, on initial viewing the woman appears to hold her child toward the audience. On considering the contemporary environment the figures are situated in, the absence of the father and the uncomfortable expression across the womans face interpretations emerged that this was in fact the depiction of a kept mistress holding a child out to her seducer .  [17]   Chapter Three: Representation in Paint Much like Drowned! Drowned! Augustus Leopold Eggs 1858 painting known as Past and Present provides audiences with a prominent narrative. However in Eggs work the tale is generally considered indisputable. Accounting for this definite narrative is the triptychs official title; August the 4th. Have just heard that B. has been dead more than a fortnight, so his poor children have now lost both parents. I hear she was seen on Friday last near the Strand, evidently without a place to lay her head. What a fall hers has been! The language within the title is fundamental in initialising the symbolism within the images. Aside from securing the narrative, the inclusion of such a citation allowed audiences to clearly understand the issue of morality within. The images tell of a man, known to us only as B, who has died and untimely death leaving two orphaned children. As the passage continues it becomes clear that his orphaned children are at the mercy of an immoral mother, who having fallen into the destitute world of prostitution has become a social outcast. The theme of the deviant woman is continued in her reference only as she and her, she has, as a result of her adultery, has forcefully become anonymous loosing both her class identify and social standing.  [18]  Completed as a triptych Past and Present was not displayed chronologically. When on display the first part of the series, Past and Present No 1 the scene of the husbands discovery becomes the central segment flanked either side by scenes year s after the central episode. When considered together this imagery allows an insight into a possible, and frequent, reason for a womans decent to prostitution. Adultery, during the nineteenth century was considered the most serious form of female deviancy. Whilst the image of the fallen woman or prostitute was frequently represented as a victim of society that of the adulteress was not permitted sympathy. Whilst is it entirely possible that other women depicted as prostitutes suffered similar experiences to that of the woman in Past and Present there is rarely any symbolism suggesting such disgrace. Naturally the Eggs image is occupied with symbolism hinting at her adulterous activities. The woman is seen sprawled across her floor, her arms are outstretched, almost reaching the lower right hand corner of the image; her fists are clasped together in a motion to suggest begging, though it is unclear who this is aimed at as her body is forced away form that of her seated husband. The womans face is hidden from the viewer, perhaps in tune with the use of pronouns to remove her social and class identity. Above the woman sits her betrayed husband . He is posed, with one hand clenched upon the tabletop the other grasping a single piece of paper. The audience cannot but assume the possibilities of what is on this piece of paper. Beneath his left foot one can just make out the image of a broken photograph frame, perhaps their wedding photograph or an image of her lover? From the figure of the betrayed husband the viewers eye is encouraged towards the presence of two paintings on the wall behind him. The upper painting is a print of Clarksons The Shipwreck, which debuted to a great response in the Royal Academy exhibition of 1856.  [19]  The lower painting shows the portrait of a man, suspected to be the husband, this mirrors a similar portrait on the left of the painting this time assumed to portray the wife. The individual portraits can be seen to show division within the marriage, a statement of what is to follow this scene of discovery. The most symbolic painting within the image is that above the portrait of the wife. T his frame is representative of Eves deviancy and expulsion from Eden. Symbolism reverting to womans first incident of violation is again referenced in the half eaten apple next to the womens strained body. Problematic for the viewer is the depiction of the couples two daughters within the scene. Whilst the younger appears oblivious the elder is distracted from the card tower they are structuring resulting in its collapse. The tumbling cards are balanced upon a book by the French novelist Balzac. French society was regarded as unstable and dangerous, its literature was believed to be a source of corruption and immorality and many contemporaries were concerned about the harmful reverberations of French morality in England.  [20]  The inclusion of this work of literature is used as method of anchoring the infidelity to a modern and believable cause. The second and third sections of Past and Present illustrate the lasting implications the scene of discovery had upon the women of the family. Past and Present No 2 shows the hardship the daughters suffer as result of having a deviant and adulteress for a mother, while Past and Present No 3 exemplifies the immoral and sorrowful existence the adulteress has succumbed to. As previously mentioned female deviancy in the form of adultery was considered the most severe, from 1854 this was the only clause in the initial divorce bill taken to Parliament, which entitled a husband to divorce his wife.  [21]  Though it was possible for women to divorce their husbands from 1854 onwards incest was the only grounds accepted, it was not considered indecent for men to continue seeing prostitutes or to have extramarital sex, partly due to the vast number of years their wives were expected to be with child. As Nead cites a female who commits adultery was condemned so on the grounds that it was see n to have the most serious social consequences not only in relation to their own social position but also, and more critically, in terms of its effects on husband, children and home.  [22]  Past and Present No 2 shows the two daughters, seen in the first image, sitting together gazing out of an open window. From their surroundings one immediately understood that the downfall of their mother had also resulted in their own fall from society. They sit in an attic room away from the new middle class and bourgeoisie lifestyle they were born into. Women who were charged with committing adultery were forbidden to claim custody and more extremely to see their children as stated in the Custody of Infants Act, 1839.  [23]   Critics generally understood Past and Present No3 as being set around the same time as the second instalment of the triptych. The third image represents the fate of the adulteress. Again the environment in which she is depicted suggests a lot about her social standing. Sitting beneath the Adelphi arches, an area between the Strand and the River Thames and a well-known dwelling for streetwalking prostitutes. The figure of a woman, the adulteress, is scarcely seen for the vast shadows and poor lighting beneath the arches, again immorality is referenced through the use of darkness, on first glance it would be easy to miss the child she is holding upon her lap. Nevertheless a pair of legs emerge from the confines of her dark shawl. Understood to be an illegitimate child we again see how the actions of the deviant woman can affect the life of her family. Whilst it was common practice to publicly condemn the adulteress, the figure of the prostitutes and very often that of the fallen woman was represented to society as a victim of the deviant seducer. As Egg manipulates the way in which his female character is depicted, that being from adulteress to homeless prostitute, he manages to produce imagery, which as in many images of the same topic, particularly Drowned! Drowned!, evokes the ideal of the victim. Where Solomon has applied religious iconography within him image, relating to that of Christs dead body so too has Egg. Thomas brings to light the reference to religious imagery by citing that Eggs image goes as far as to employ iconographical details usually associated with the Virgin Mary to transform this sinful woman into a type of Madonna. Thomas continues to note that the adulteresss change of clothes and environment seen to symbolize not only her tragic fate but a spiritual rebirth.  [24]  This can further be supported by the use of light within the image, potentially acting as a halo to secure her repentance. While Past and Present highlighted a scenario, which enlightened audiences to why a woman might end up working as a prostitute, William Holman Hunts The Awakening Conscious, 1853 focused more forcefully on the ideas of regret and remorse. The theme of the regretful prostitute was a common representation during the latter nineteenth century, particularly among the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. The most prominent of these images are, The Awakening Conscious by Holman Hunt, The Gate of Memory, 1857 by Rossetti and Thoughts of the Past, 1859 by J.R. Spencer Stanhope. These three images congregate contemporary symbolism to tell their respective tales. As previously noted when discussing both Drowned! Drowned! and Past and Present a narrative that was accessibly to the contemporary audience was a primary factor in the painting of socially controversial images. While all three images provide audiences with a depiction of remorseful and regretful women they do so in varying manners. Both Hunt and Stanhope proceed with similar methods of symbolising the women within their images as prostitutes, showing various accoutrements associated with such a profession. Stanhopes womans profession is defined by the details upon her dressing table prominently the money and jewellery, which contradicts her shabby appearance and dockside residency.  [25]  Her profession is further hinted at in the inclusion of a males walking stick and stray glove. Hunt, in The Awakening Conscience, also uses the inclusions of such accessories. The composition of Hunts image encourages the audiences eye toward the clasped hands of the woman where one instantly notices the lack of a wedding band, a roughly discarded gloved and the unravelling of a piece of embroidery advance theories of her profession. The models loosely flowing hair suggests her intimacy with the male as does her close proximity to him, his arms circled around her waist. A stream of light flows through a nearby window, which lights up the lower portion of the painting. It is this stream of light, again as an allegory of Christian morality, which contemporaries understood to have induced the prostitutes moment of remorse and regret. The remainder of the paintings symbolism is dedicated to the further development of the female as a figure of remorse. Behind the figures we can see a wide-open widow, from which the light entered the darkened environment. The window provides the possibility of escape from this life of immorality; encouraged in the painting of the natural world this could be considered an ode to the morality of rural life. However the possibility of escape is then contradicted in the imagery of a cat toying with a bird just as the male figure has done with his mistress. Although the issue of morality was extensive in the painting of prostitutes so too was the subject of disease and infection. Dante Gabrielle Rossetti in his 1857 painting The Gate of Memory allows a manifestation of the Victorian Prostitute through association with dirt and physical impurity. Whilst the painting shares compositional similarities with formulaic interpretations of the topic such as the separation from a more innocent and honourable lifestyle and the use of light against dark as an allegory for moral verses immoral, though Hunt and Stanhope refer to the conflict between natural and unnatural light, Rossetti furthers the use of symbolism as a means of defining the prostitutes immorality alongside that of the cities. While there are no si

CLassical vs. Hellenistic :: essays research papers

A range of sculptural styles appeared during the Hellenistic period. For example, a highly academic style, which tells a story through a range of symbolic figures, was used in a relief carved by Archelaos of Priene, The Apotheosis of Homer (150? BC, British Museum, London). The relief was dedicated to the Muses or to Homer and shows the poet along with figures representing the World, Time, Homer’s great epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey, and other literary images and ideas. But perhaps the most distinctive Hellenistic style is one sometimes called Baroque. Hellenistic Baroque, like the Baroque style of 17th-century Europe, is defined by its melodramatic, exaggerated effects. It is especially associated with the ancient city of Pergamum, and its masterpiece is the so-called Great Altar of Zeus built atop the city’s acropolis sometime from about 190 to 156 BC. (A reconstruction of the west facade of the Great Altar is housed in the Pergamum Museum in Berlin, Germany.) The monument may in fact be a shrine to Telephus, Pergamum's legendary hero and founder, rather than to Zeus. The life story of Telephus, from his birth to his exploits as a mature hero, unfolds in a continuous frieze inside the monument. A podium supports the monument and around it an even larger frieze recounts the Battle of the Gods and the Giants. Some figures seem ready to leap off the wall. Some even crawl up the sides of a staircase that visitors use to reach the altar. The mus cles of the figures are taut and pronounced, the drapery sweeping and tumultuous, the poses violent and dramatic, the faces expressive and pained. In one scene, the goddess Athena has caught a giant by the hair; he gazes helplessly toward the sky as he tries to free himself from her grip. His expressive pose resembles that of a Trojan priest, Laocoà ¶n, in a later statue of Laocoà ¶n and his Sons (Vatican Museums), shown as he struggles to free himself from giant snakes. Although the names of the sculptors of the Laocoà ¶n are known (Athanadoros, Hagesandros, and Polydoros of Rhodes), the exact date of the statue is a matter of dispute.

The Stunning Realization

The quote, â€Å"†¦tell of a woman who almost died†¦kept on living, again and again,† in the essay â€Å"One Moment on Top of the World† by Naomi Shihab Nye, is full of meaning. It tells how even when you’re at death’s door, there still is hope. It speaks of the importance of life as well as the importance of loved ones. That even in times grim war, there is still happiness and joy. In short, by having hope, people you care about, and an appreciation for life, there will always be a bright spark in your life. Having hope is quite possibly what allows people to live through the challenges that they face in life. Because of hope, even when everything goes wrong, someone can still face it and go on to tomorrow. This is what let the nation recover from things such as the Great Depression or Hurricane Katrina. Although people’s lives were devastated and many were suffering, they lived by having a hope for a better future. Every time that I see a bad score on a test, I do not give up. Instead, I hope that next time I will learn the subject matter more ably in order to do better on the next test. Without hope, we simply could not go on with all the suffering that occurs in our world today. One thing that is always certain to help a person in need is to have someone there that cares about them. There are many people in a person’s life that matters to them, parents, relatives, and close friends being just a few. The quote itself refers to Naomi’s sick grandmother, who begins to miraculously recover as soon as she hears that a certain someone was coming to see her. This is because humans are, since birth, conditioned to refer to the touch of another human being with safety and reassurance. Therefore, being close to another person often helps those that are recuperating. Lastly, people often appreciate their lives and life in general after suffering from something life-threatening. Before her grandmother had fallen ill and recovered, Naomi did not have this realization. It was not until after the occurrence that she understood how precious life really was. The same happened to me when my grandmother died. At the time I was seven, so I did not understand the gravity of the situation but looking back I see how important it is to live. Due to this understanding, both Naomi and I comprehend that life is a thing to cherish, and not just after it has been lost. After all, the need to stay alive is what created nations and the world that we live in today. So a life changing experience makes a person appreciate life in general. Naomi Shihab Nye’s quote in the essay â€Å"One Moment on Top of the Earth,† is a very powerful realization. She realizes the importance of life once her grandmother recuperates from a debilitating illness. Her grandmother healed by having hope, human interaction, and an appreciation for her life. With these, she survived and continued to live her life the way she wanted to.

Research on Dribbling and Passing

Research on Dribbling and Passing Submitted By: Andro Joseph Dela Cruz Basketball dribbling skills Basketball dribbling skills are something that you have to work at to obtain, maintain and improve. Most everyone knows how to dribble a basketball, but not everyone can dribble like a pro. When you first begin to learn dribbling techniques you will learn that you don’t dribble with the palm of your hand, dribbling a basketball is done with the tips of your fingers. You will use your forearm and wrist to balance the ball as you learn to dribble with using the tips of your fingers.Your coach will usually put together a different basketball practice plan for the team each practice. This will assist each player individually and as a unit to improve both their individual and team skills. Don’t just stop with scheduled practices if you truly want to improve your skills and control on the court. On your own you can start by running dribbling drills. Remember to keep your weight on the balls of your feet and in the ready position. As you continue to learn and improve your foot and dribbling control on the court as an individual player, you will begin to show your improved skills as a team player.Your team members may also want to run drills with you after practice, or just play for fun. These are other ways for you to learn potential opposing team types of moves and learn different offensive techniques. A team works together toward the goal of winning, but they also work together offensively to help prepare each other for what the opposing team may be bringing to the court. Protect the Ball When dribbling against a defender, ALWAYS protect the ball with your body. You can do this by dribbling with your left hand when you are going left and your right hand when you are going right.This will force the defender to reach across your body to attempt a steal. Developing your â€Å"off† hand It is important to work right from the start at developing both ha nd equally well. When practicing your ball handling, make sure that you practice at least as much with your weak hand as you do your strong hand, eventually increasing to twice as much with your weak hand. Coaches like†¦ Coaches like a person who: 1) can dribble with both hands 2) doesn? t try to show off for no reason 3) isn? t afraid to make the extra pass to get a teammate more open than you are.And if coaches like you, then they tell other coaches. Word spreads very quickly and just by doing the little things you can have a name for yourself in no time. Keep Your Head Up When doing all drills involving dribbling, it is extremely important that you keep your head up. You must be able to see where you are going and where your teammates are so you can pass them the ball when they are open. Speed Dribble The speed dribble is used to advance the ball quickly up the floor, against little or no defensive pressure.The dribblers hand should be behind the ball pushing it in front, th en running to catch up. This prevents a â€Å"palming† or â€Å"carrying over† violation. The speed dribble in the open floor can be a little higher than other dribbles. Control dribble moves should be around the knee, but a speed dribble can be waist high. Power dribbling-Dirt dribbling This drill actually requires you to leave the basketball court and find a patch of dirt. Do a Power dribble on the dirt for 1 or 2 minutes. You will need to power dribble the ball even harder than usual in order to get the ball to bounce on the dirt.This drill is an extremely good arm workout with power dribbling. Dribbling to avoid pressure By dribbling the ball over half court on the sideline, you are giving the defense an advantage. They can set up their help side defense or trap you. Change directions and it helps relieve some pressure. As often as possible, bring the ball up the middle of the court and NEVER pick up your dribble in the corners. Passing 1)  Two-Handed Chest Pass Overview This is the most effective and efficient pass you can use. It can be used successfully from anywhere on the court.Use this pass whenever possible because it's the fastest way to advance the ball to teammates. Fundamentals Place each hand on either side of the ball and spread the fingers evenly. Fully extend your arms as you push the ball out from your chest and snap your wrists outward so that the back of your hands are now facing each other. You'll get a good rotation on the ball when you snap your wrists. This makes the ball easier to handle for the receiver. Be sure the pass is thrown crisply with the ball remaining parallel with the floor.You want the pass to arrive at your receiver above the waist and below the shoulders. 2)  Two-Handed Bounce Pass Overview This type of pass is good on the fast break, to a teammate in the post, under a defender, to a teammate making a back-door cut, on out-of-bounds plays, etc. A lot of times, players will make a shot or high-pass fa ke before making the bounce pass. The bounce pass is the slowest pass available. Fundamentals Use the same grip and motion with this basketball pass as you did with the chest pass. The ball should hit the floor about two-thirds of the way to the receiver.To be more accurate, step toward that spot. You want to hit your teammate between the knees and waist. A backspin is good to use to give the receiver a longer lead. Push the thumbs throught the ball to achieve the backspin. A forward spin can be used to get the ball through a narrow opening and to produce a quicker pass. You'll need to be more accurate when using a forward spin but if you can perfect it, it will add more to your game. 3)  Two-Handed Overhead Pass Overview This is an effective basketball passing option for every player on the court.Players often use it to start a fast break, forwards will use it to hit post players or guards cutting off the post, guards use it to hit the post, centers and players receiving high pas ses use it to make a quick return pass or pass off. This type of pass is easy to control and helps you keep the ball away from your defender. Fundamentals Position your hands on the sides of the ball with your fingers pointed up. Your thumbs should be on the back of the ball and pointing in toward one another. Bring the ball up above your head (be sure your hands go straight up, not up and back over your head).Release the ball with a quick snap of your wrists and fingers like on a chest pass. It's usually good to make a slight step forward with the foot of your strong arm side. 4)  Push Pass Overview This pass is used most often to advance the ball down the floor in order to set up the offense or to get the ball through or past a close-guarding defender (usually to a cutter). The bounce pass version is good for passes to a cutter on fast breaks or reverses, many out-of-bounds plays, to a post player or to pass under a defender. Fundamentals Hold ball chest high.Spread your fingers on each side with thumbs directly behind, but a bit toward the top of the ball and pointing toward one another. Keep elbows close in. The force of the ball is provided with a quick snap of your wrist, fingers and elbows. You should move forward with your body crouched a bit. Step forward with your passing-hand-side foot and push off with your non-passing-hand-side foot. You can use a direct or bounce pass. Direct pass should reach receiver between the waist and shoulders and bounce pass should hit the floor about two thirds of the way to receiver and arrive between the knees and waist. )  Off-the-Dribble Pass One of the quickest basketball passing options because there's really no set-up with it. As you're dribbling, instead of bouncing the ball back to the floor for another dribble, move your hand behind the ball and push it towards a teammate as a pass. It's hard for defenders to steal this one because they're expecting a dribble instead of the pass. 6)  Baseball Pass Effecti ve for long passes to a cutter or to inbound the ball quickly after allowing a score. Place the ball high above the side of your head with the passing hand behind the ball while the other hand is in front of and slightly under the ball.Be sure the fingers of each hand are pointed upward and your thumbs are pointing inward over your head. Plant your rear foot and step toward the receiver with your front foot. Try to keep both hands on the ball as long as possible and throw the ball with a quick wrist snap and arm thrust. As you follow through, snap your wrist straight down so the ball doesn't curve on you. 7)  Behind-the-Back Pass A basketball passing technique that can work wonders when done well or end up terrible if done wrong or carelessly.So make sure you practice this one to perfection and only use it when the situation warrants it. This pass can be used off the dribble, standing still or while moving toward the basket and is used often with two-on-one fast breaks. If you can deliver this pass correctly, it will be very difficult for your opponent to defend. Cup the ball in your hand. Swing your arm behind your back with the elbow bent, fingers pointed down and your thumb pointed toward your back. Release the ball with a whip of your arm and a quick wrist and finger snap

Free Essays on Body Image

It is found that women are not the only one's dissatisfied with their appearance. A growing number of men among society are increasingly concerned with body image. Studies have found that dissatisfaction with body image among men is on the rise. Many male students are facing eating disorders in order to keep up with societies perfect body image. We see disorders, such as "dysmorphia" reaching a high point within the male population. Dysmorphia focuses on a "obsessional preoccupation" (p.66) of ones body image. A patient suffering from this type of disorder would see a part of the body as "ugly". In males a certain type called muscle dysmorphia, is seen, that has come of great concern. Muscle dysmorphia is induced by an obsessive-compulsive image of ones muscle tone. With this type of disorder, one might go to great lengths to fit the image they are looking for. Going to these lengths often causes harms to the body creating damage physically and mentally (e.g. one will take steroids). When looking for answers to why this occurs research points at "magazines, motion pictures, toys and other media. The article gave insight to how action toys have played a part in creating negative body image. In the study, toys such as G.I. Joe figures, Star War and Star Trek characters, Superman, Spiderman, and Batman were studied, examining the evolution of the action figures throughout the years (from around the 60's to the 90's). Measurements were taken of the figures waist, chest, and biceps, showing the change in muscle tone over time. The concern is that action toys present ideal body image setting an example that you must look like a superhuman body builder. The images portrayed exceed the level of muscle tone that can safely be achieved. These extreme measures are dangerous causing many to not eat right and take drugs. Males find that looking this way is the only way to fit within society. Although getting to this level is unsafe, the conseq... Free Essays on Body Image Free Essays on Body Image It is found that women are not the only one's dissatisfied with their appearance. A growing number of men among society are increasingly concerned with body image. Studies have found that dissatisfaction with body image among men is on the rise. Many male students are facing eating disorders in order to keep up with societies perfect body image. We see disorders, such as "dysmorphia" reaching a high point within the male population. Dysmorphia focuses on a "obsessional preoccupation" (p.66) of ones body image. A patient suffering from this type of disorder would see a part of the body as "ugly". In males a certain type called muscle dysmorphia, is seen, that has come of great concern. Muscle dysmorphia is induced by an obsessive-compulsive image of ones muscle tone. With this type of disorder, one might go to great lengths to fit the image they are looking for. Going to these lengths often causes harms to the body creating damage physically and mentally (e.g. one will take steroids). When looking for answers to why this occurs research points at "magazines, motion pictures, toys and other media. The article gave insight to how action toys have played a part in creating negative body image. In the study, toys such as G.I. Joe figures, Star War and Star Trek characters, Superman, Spiderman, and Batman were studied, examining the evolution of the action figures throughout the years (from around the 60's to the 90's). Measurements were taken of the figures waist, chest, and biceps, showing the change in muscle tone over time. The concern is that action toys present ideal body image setting an example that you must look like a superhuman body builder. The images portrayed exceed the level of muscle tone that can safely be achieved. These extreme measures are dangerous causing many to not eat right and take drugs. Males find that looking this way is the only way to fit within society. Although getting to this level is unsafe, the conseq...

Cover Letters for a Scholarship Personal Statement

Cover Letters for a Scholarship - Personal Statement Example Besides my academic qualifications, I have demonstrated competencies in extra curriculum activities including leadership abilities, sports participation, and entrepreneurship. I, for example, currently serve as the UBC’s Ski and Board club elected executive officer. The club, under my leadership, has organized major events and introduced new ones. I am also an established athlete who has participated in international competitions and won national awards in athletics, including being ranked among the nation’s top three skiers. In addition, I have been actively involved in community development leadership as a volunteer coach and a photography donor. My entrepreneurial ventures include establishing and running a personal photographer shop, S6 Photo, and Hayden Wake enterprise that offers instructional services in business operations and sports facilities. I am therefore the most suitable candidate for the scholarship as I have the qualities that the scholarship seeks to d evelop. I look forward to your kind consideration that stands to explore my potentials. I shall be ready to discuss more myself when called upon. Yours sincerely, Essex Prescott. Ec: Resume Essex Prescott Canada: 778.987.7707†¢U.S.: 208.661.8465†¢essexprescott@gmail.com 2686 W. 14th Avenue†¢ Vancouver, B.C. V6K 2W6 September 15, 2012, The director Peter Armstrong Scholarship Ontario Canada Dear Sir/Madam, I hereby offer my application for the scholarship position that you have offered. The scholarship has drawn my interest because it offers an opportunity for the development of my established entrepreneurial competence for larger forms of business organizations. I am currently a Bachelor of Commerce student at the University of British Columbia, Sauder School of Business, with demonstrated entrepreneurial competence in sole proprietorship ventures and an outlined plan for a larger family based business. My entrepreneurial ventures include establishing and running a pe rsonal photographer shop, S6 Photo, and Hayden Wake enterprise that offers instructional services in business operations and sports facilities. While at the University of British Columbia, I have developed a high-level leadership capacity that culminated to my election as the executive officer of UBC’s Ski and Board Club, a university social club with 1500 members. My leadership abilities have helped the club in organizing numerous major sports events and introducing new sports activities. This, together with other leadership roles, has won me awards such as the President’s Entrance Award, Outstanding Leadership Award for Volunteer services and the nomination for International Student Leadership Award. I have also demonstrated initiative and innovative capacities through my established businesses that have always been profitable and competitive. I am therefore the most suitable candidate for this scholarship position because of my demonstrated competencies, the kind th at the scholarship seeks to develop. I look forward to your kind consideration that will further enhance my potentials to become a productive member of society. I shall be ready to discuss more myself when called upon.  

Housing Prices in Australia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Housing Prices in Australia - Research Paper Example The headline says: "Government policies, charges 'stifling' housing growth." The report says that "the Property Council of Australia is warning of a looming housing shortfall as prices and taxes increase." The surge in median house prices in the last seven years has shut many people out of the market, ABC News quoted the Council as saying. The report however is on Western Australia and not on the whole of Australia, but still there has to be concern to avoid a possible downturn. From a stable property market, there is a trend of slowing down due to circumstances or causes that are the primary focus of this study. However, the situation may not be serious. The causes will be enumerated in the literature review. Property market in Australia is a major source of wealth creation for investors, contributing to the socio-economic well being of all Australians. The Real Estate Institute of Australia states that in the financial year 2005/2006, property sales totaled $186.1 billion. The Institute further said that 67% of Australians owned their houses and 28% rented on the private market. Property affects everybody in Australia. Those who are renting their houses and those who own their houses are a subject of surveys by the prominent institutions in Australia and even from outside Australia. Over the pa The Real Estate Institute of Australia follows and conducts studies and trends in the real estate business in Australia. It is the national professional association for the real estate industry. Over the past years, right after the 1991-1992 economic recession, there has been a stable residential property market in Australia. But there is a growing defect that the Property Council of Australia has warned in its latest press release. This pertains to the higher taxes imposed by the government. 3.0 Purpose and Objectives This study will examine the underlying growth on the property market of Australia and the impact of the higher taxes. Surveys conducted by prestigious organizations like Standard and Poor's and Real Estate Institute of Australia and other similar organizations that have stakes in the property market have revealed a steady growth. This was recorded over the past 35 years by Standard & Poor's and the years preceding the 1991-1992 economic crisis. We will also study the present policies of government over real estate and their imposition of charges and taxes, whether these taxes or fees are bearable by the general public. The people who are at stake here are those who own or rent their houses. Following are the questions to be answered in the study: 1. Is the stable growth registered by the property

Public Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Public Relations - Essay Example This was the situation in this case. BP was trying to clean up, but its stock was sinking and everyone was turning on it. Many of its press releases from this period seek to reassure the public and the media. BP wanted to convince people that it was doing its best to help clean up the spill. They wanted people to think they were working very hard and tirelessly to do their best and ensure that the livelihood of people in the Gulf area and many of the marine animals were protected. This context is very important to understand. BP was dealing with a massive public relations (and natural) disaster. It was a challenging environment. One of the things that they worked hard to do was be open and transparent about the actions they were taking to solve the problem. That is in part what got them through the mess intact. What was accomplished in the communication? Consider more than just the obvious message. The obvious message here is one of damage control. BP wants to be seen to be working h ard to clean up the environment. They also want to tell people that they are willing to pay for the damage caused. Below this message is an effort by BP to show that they are in control of the situation. They are working hard, but more than that they know what is happening, they can quantify the damage, they are being very responsive to each of the problems that come along. The press release shows to the world that BP is not only working hard but is able to talk about each step of their action in a clear and direct way. For BP, there are no secrets. Everything is above board. That is what is accomplished through this communication. They wanted to send a message with a lot of facts about what they were doing but more than that, they wanted to be seen to be open and transparent. They didn't want to appear to be hiding anything in this situation. Were the press releases related in any way to each other or to major news or industry trends occurring at that time? The press releases were closely related to the events in the Gulf. Indeed, they were a direct response to the oil spill that was happening. Because BP was held to blame for the spill, the press releases were used as a way to assuage the public anger over the issue. It was also a way to get the media to try to start reporting on the story from a positive point view, i.e. what BP was doing to solve the problem. In a situation that extended over many months, BP issued a great number of press releases. The communications department of the company was definitely working overtime through the summer of 2010. Did the company send a consistent and coherent message? The company for the most part sent a consistent and coherent message. The press releases focused on what BP was doing to try to clean up the oil spill. The press releases also focused on some of the technical aspects of the clean-up and effort to stop the well from leaking anymore. Efforts to communicate BP's compensation for those affected by the spill were also included in the press releases. It should be noted that BP received a great deal of criticism when its CEO strayed off of this topic and began to offer an inconsistent message, saying in public for example that the spill was also very hard on him and that he wanted his life back too. That sort of inconsistent messaging caused the company a great deal of grief. In situations like this it is very important to understand that the media will be looking for any perceived inconsistency.