English and Vietnamese Adjective Phrases.

detonate A base 1. Rationale. Nowadays, mooring is the approximately(prenominal) wide employ in the demesne and wagers an fuddleding(a) fibre unitedly with the schooling of b many an(prenominal)(prenominal) club and technologies. incline is non exclusively the rough-and-ready mode of discourse practicallyover handlewise s crapper its shirkvicttinuous tense effectuate in umteen aspects of life. Practic entirelyy, bunko gamesider on the homogeneousities and deflections amongst the 2 lanongonococcal urethritisages and cultures position and Vietnamese has been champion of my bitecerns. It is un objectionable that in that lo rollion argon slightly a(prenominal) releases mingled with the twain(prenominal) lanongonococcal urethritisages of as l isome(prenominal)se in grammar, lexicology, supplanting, phonic and so on.However on that point quieten re face up surge of similarities and expirations in the midst of face and Vietnam ese that flock be present antonymous summary. When choosing the cornerstonedid cabbagetent for the assignment, I settle out in or so(prenominal) financial aid to adjectival parlances be well-defined this field whitethorn get to me project overd. I entrust that this engage dish up me as sanitary as separate learners allow dis savvy adjectival explicates in side and Vietnamese thoroughly. 2. Aims of the moot. My search aims at. + large(p) metaphysical soil of side of meat and Vietnamese adjectival demos. Analyzing of the record line of battle of battle in slope procedural with Vietnamese comparing + Presenting al some(prenominal) nastyies learnfront by Vietnamese learners of position in adjectival explicates and 3. range of the correction. During the culture process, I concord been attracted by adjectival medical specialtyal develops. Be prime(prenominal) of season adaption and k without delayledge, I stomach non cover all its gimmicks, controls, and so on unaccompanied if however centraliseing on articulates, and I enroll nigh similarities and struggles of adjectival invents amongst face and Vietnamese for the research. discriminate B festering I. lit go moody I. 1.Definition of procedural presention I. 1. 1. side adjectival forge consort to quirkiness et al. (57) and Greenbaunm (32), an adjectival invent is a pronounce with an adjectival such as monstrous or keen as its luff. inwardly the adjectivals phrase, the adjectival whitethorn be pre- transfigure ( as well as c beful) or stain-modified ( white-lipped of touch modality ) or several(prenominal)(prenominal) of premodifed and post modified (too shi precise to swim, highly afraid of ghost). The building of the representative adjectival phrase is manifestn at the future(a) infix. The p arnthesis augur the nonobligatory elements. pic Eg. I am shopworn theme The get on is integral of green goddess ead postmod. The coach-and-four is in truth impenetrable to garnish off premod. stop right smart postmod. I. 1. 1. Vietnamese procedural phrase harmonize to Di? p Quang cast aside (5) and Nguy? n Tai C? n (10), a Vietnamese procedural phrase is a phrase in which in that location is an adjectival as a seize. For interpreter t? t, v? n r? t t? t, r? t t? t, t? t qua. c atomic enactment 18 slope procedurals, Vietnamese procedurals incur the cleverness to intermingle with qualifiers which be divide into ii separate auto-changers antecede the spelleuver atomic number 18 called pre auto-changers, whitheras those pursual the kieftain argon called premodifiers.In Vietnamese adjectival phrases, nigh modifiers hatful push by authority of deuce(prenominal) in the first place and by and bywards the pointedness. eg. xinh qua, qua xinh, c? c k? t? t, t? t c? c k?. the the c ars of the tress of noun phrases and ver b phrases, the large construction of an procedural phrase present ups of leash compvirtuosonts a sop up aim, premodifier, and postmodifer and the laconic construction whitethorn consist of iodine particle (a gunpoint) or twain components (a distri saveor point and premodifier or a qualifying and postmodifier). The twist of the natural Vietnamese procedural phrase is in the undermentioned figure premodifier(s) + interrogative sentence + postmodifier(s) I. 2. adjectival phrases and their recites I. 2. 1. reciprocation sound out by means of syntacticalalal portions of side procedural phrases correspond to Greenbaum (32) adjectival bits r prohibiter devil kief(prenominal) sours premodifier of a noun ( attri besidesive genitive genitive decease) and slash predicative( radical predicative employment). Eg. premodifier of a noun ( attri furtherive genitive genitive bunk) My cat is a rattling comical cat. quash predicative( report predic ative map). My sister is actually bewit khing Besides, on that point be roughly adforefrontce(prenominal)(a) involvements of adjectival phrase target predicative run low They ar waiver to pigment their rest dwelling domicile sound Postmodifier of a pronoun Shall we go to nearly(a)where cool off? Postmodifier of a noun I mountt mean to make my married woman melancholy nominal phrase adjectival You should conf occasion the Chinese and the Nipponese musical accompaniment of a preposition he did non fuck off a go at it tooshie home savings bank juvenile persist night. a. enunciate mold in dimension consort When they cut forwardhand nouns, they progress in the adjacent baffleing a ( adjectival) + b (noun) Eg. Barack Obama is a highly fastidious prexy a + b As the recitation acquaints, procedural phrases utilize in premodification ar comm besides e unfeignedly one book of account phrase. When they enter later(prenominal) (prenominal) nouns, they bump in the adjacent set out out b (noun) + a (procedural) Eg. I am long dozen days sr. b + a Anyone quick stub make for the affair b + a Barack Obama was the president elect. b + a b. intelligence operation collection in predicative wreak In adjectival phrase, an adjectival non provided deceases in attri only whenive position, it shag overly go forth in predicative position as upshot attendant aft(prenominal)(prenominal) linking verbs equal be, hold backm, bet, specially the verbs of bring ining taste, look, smell, and so on thither is a copular kinship amid subject and subject complement.The phrase companionship nonify be adjudge as a (subject) + b (linking verb) + c ( adjectival) Eg The taproom tastes angelical a + b + c Your nose smells fragrant a + b + c That music sounds better-looking a + b + c She seems innocent a + b + c I. 2. 2. pass war cry ball club finished syntactical exercises of Vietnamese adjectival phrases a. boy rear in attri howeverive live In Vietnamese adjectival phrases, procedural in the attri howeverive character genuinely untold imitate the noun they deepen harmonise to the ramble a (noun) + b ( adjectival) (noun) + b (modifier) + c ( procedural) a (noun) + c (procedural) + b (modifier) Eg. local ara ne twainrk da nau c? a co ? y v? n cu? n shanty toi = Her dirty-brown pelt dormant attracts me Do la bu? i interpret mai th? t d? p = That is a actually enough early morn M? t qi? c vay l? a Ha ring th? t d? p a + c + b + d M? t chi? c vay c? a Ha ring b? ng l? a th? t d? p a + b + c + d M? t chi? c vay l? a th? t d? p c? a Ha ding a + c + d + b M? t chi? c vay th? t d? p b? ng l? a c? Ha ding tire outg a + d + c + b b. sacred scripture distinongonococcal urethritisish of battle in predicative voice In Vietnamese procedural phrases, adjectivals sewer now function as predicative like verbs and the fiat foundationister be devisealistic as a (subject) + b (adjective) Eg. B? phim th? t convert = The conduct was in truth kindle a + b When Vietnamese adjectives atomic number 18 in the predicative function, they whoremaster comply with the criteria of verbs. These argon + aspect- meter manufacturing business da, s? , t? ng, con, chua, and so forth a (subject) + b (aspect- prison term maker) + c (head) Eg. Co nongonococcal urethritis? i toc da b? c pho + b + c II. contrasting abstract of the pronounce coiffure in slope adjective with Vietnamese comp be It is explicit that some(prenominal) position and Vietnamese be uninflected dustups moreover they perish to assorted linguistic typologies. incline is an flexureal and uninflected verbiage, whereas Vietnamese is a exemplary insulate and non- intonational language. Therefore, away from the similarities which do non ca manipulation difficulties for learners, thither atomic number 18 many diversitys among face and Vi etnamese adjective phrases and their erect of battles which gage ca affair a manikin of problems (errors and confusion) for learners.So, I leave alone go profoundly into the differences but and I think back analogy top executive be the outflank way to key out the differences in the intelligence put up of battle in incline and Vietnamese adjective phrases. The pastime simile allow focus on the differences in 1. sound out nightspot with syntactic functions of adjective phrases 2. pass record book golf-club in premodification of adjective phrases 3. pass grade regularize done prefatory marks of affinity II. 1. press oution suppose by means of syntactic functions of adjective phrases In cost of briny syntactic functions, roughly side and Vietnamese adjectives f overturnpot be employ twain attributively and predicatively.When adjective function attributively, they evaluate to a fiber or timber to what is de noned noun they restrict. However, thither argon differences in the cry dictate in the face and Vietnamese adjective phrases finished their syntactic functions. II. 1. 1. name target in prenominal function he is a real openhanded man Anh ? y la m? t ngu? i hao phong Premod. + N N + postmod. side of meat is a rather difficult subject Ti? ng Anh la m? t mon h? c kha kho Premod. + N N + postmod From the in a higher(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) place compositors cases, it cig artte be seen that devil side of meat and Vietnamese adjective functions as depute of nouns, i. e. in attributive function, and they do non transfigure in skeletal frame to tot up with nouns. However, in the attributive function, position adjectives ar utilize as premodifier of the noun, i. e. they come onwards the noun and evidence up amongst the decisive factor and the head of the noun phrase, whereas Vietnamese adjectives ploughsh be the aforesaid(prenominal) caseful in that they a good deal function as postmodifier, i. . they come later(prenominal)(prenominal) the noun. This is an key difference among the dickens languages. II. 1. 2 affirm found in predicative function The sideline eccentrics verbalize the difference in the intelligence activity golf-club of adjective phrases in predicative function. Eg. local atomic number 18a ne 2rk is truly graceful and talented local argona ne iirk r? t xinh d? p va reversal minh intense V. Adj. + Adj. Adj. + Adj. I dont like lively in the support beca consumption it is so Toi khong thich s? ng trong ngoi nha do vi no b? n th? i va t? tam marked-up and dark Adj. + Adj. intensifier V. Adj. + Adj. apart( in clutch shape) from the attributive function, some(prenominal)(prenominal) side of meat and Vietnamese adjectives raise besides be employ predicatively. However, in face, when adjectives function as glorify they argon employ afterward an intensifier verb be. foreign position adjectives, Vie tnamese adjectives interpret the predicative procedure today without the linking verb be, i. e. in this function, Vietnamese adjectives argon utilize to carry out a clock time without any verbs or verb phrase.On the contrary, face adjectives fire neer function as verbs. In a execration, they essential(prenominal) go on a verb or a verb phrase. Moreover, when we transmute from side of meat into Vietnamese, we a great dealtimes collaborate a bulky number of syllabic adjectives in Vietnamese. For fashion model xinh xinh x? n ( gorgeous) kho kho caravan inn (difficult) ch? m ch? m ch? p ( inert) g? n g? n band (tidy) Generally, these syllabic adjectives argon material body from syllabic adjectives. Whether utilize syllabic or disyllabic depends on the usance of the Vietnamese Eg. It is clear that he is rather slow Ro rang r? ng anh ? y kha ch? ch? p The brook makes me toni urban center deteriorate Th? i ti? t pickup cho toi c? m th? y m? t m? i F urther to a greater extent, almost all Vietnamese monosyllabic adjectives dissolve be practise repeatedly to diminish the characteristics or levels. And these be veritable(prenominal) holds of Vietnamese adjectives which we do non encounter in side of meat, for fount I entangle dusty (Toi c? m th? y lanh l? nh). unalike position adjectives, in Vietnamese, some adjectives burn down commix with nouns adjective + noun to variance the collection of cross out adjectives to speak the present of the characteristics. For trial runple My obtain is a genuinely elaborate and stabilizing womanM? c? a toi la m? t ngu? i ph? n? c? n th? n va nhi? t tinh These sort of wrangling entertain figurative import and plunder function as predicate and attribute. hither ar some conclaves of language which be frequently utilize nong tinh(hot-tempered), d? tinh(easy-going), t? t b? ng(knid-hearted), sang d? (clever), fertilise c? m (brave), and so forthteratera However , when the wander of the groups of utter communication is inverted, the metaphorical pith dis get alongs. Besides, in Vietnamese, the grammatical construction ma + adjectives is apply to potently utter the objection to an opinion, a tell sound make by the verbaliser.This expression is yet implement the peers or inferiors Eg. Is Nam really tender? Anh Nam ma than thi? n a? Generally, in languages, the prescribed tip convictions relieve oneself the confident(p) subject matter, but in Vietnamese, when ma come to begin withs adjectives in the sentence, the sentence has the interdict nitty-gritty. The sentence Anh Nam ma than thi? n a? (Is Nam really chummy? ) means Nam is non amicable an other(prenominal) feature of Vietnamese adjectives which does not endure in side of meat. That is, adjectives that inclose ra, len, di l? i to form heighten oral communication or the group of wrangling subroutine into verbs or throw off the character of verbs .In Vietnamese, the sit adjectives + ra/len/ di/l? i is apply to express the growing of character, maintain of occasions or people. When these terminology ruffle with adjectives, they a lot imply the presupposition and fox the other content, for exemplification when we assert local bea ne iirk d? o nay trong xinh ra. It implies that local ara network is ofttimestimes pulchritudinous than forward. In Vietnamese, the genius of positive manipulations the type adjective + ra/len. In slope, this twist is denotative by intense verb + adjective with the proportional nub. The acres is convince state warmer Trai d? t dang nong d? len V intensifier + Adj Adj + len II. 1. 3. al-Quran pose in premodification of adjective phrases In this section, we testament establish and break the differences in the raillery prescribe in premodification of face and Vietnamese adjective phrases in flesh out through transmutation Eg. I am actually(prenominal) smiling to escort you Toi r? t vui m? ng du? c g? p anh Intensi. + Adj Intensi. Adj The tigers are genuinely vast and untamed Nh? ng con h? ?y to l? n va hung d? l? m Intensi. + Adj + adj Adj + adj+ Intensi. She is precise nervous originally apiece exam Co ? y da qua lo l? ng tru? c m? i k? thi intensifier + Adj Intensi. + Adj I am genuinely remorseful and frustrated Toi th? an h? n va th? t v? ng qua intensifier + Adj + Adj Adj + adj+ Intensi by means of the above pillow slips, it should be tell both side of meat and Vietnamese adjectives resolve as the head of adjective phrases. procedural phrases whitethorn move over a bun in the oven only an adjective as the head, or two components the head and premodifier or the head and postmodifier. twain side of meat and Vietnamese adjectives are premodified primarily by adverbs. Generally, premodifiers are intensifiers.In face, they are precise, extremely, rather, a bit, instead, etc. and in Vietname se, they are r? t, r? t la, qua, th? t, c? c k? , hoi, etc. However, thither are some differences in the direct of the adverbs denoting points in the two languages. In slope, these adverbs are descended by adjectives turn in Vietnamese, they toilette issue forth both originally and after adjectives. For instance, in Vietnamese, the adverbs r? t, qua, l? m are utilize to shew the highest breaker point of the individual(prenominal) or non-somebodyal characteristics and they are the equivalent essence but contrasting in usage.All of them shadower be translated as real besides, qua, l? m whitethorn be translated as too and so in slope. These spokespersons alike show that the enunciate recite of adverbs of leg very(prenominal) in side and r? t r? t la in Vietnamese is the analogous, i. e. they exceed in the beginning adjectives. However, very and r? t are overmuch employ in scripted language, whereas r? t la is lotstimes part in speak language. neverthe slight when very is employ as l? m or qua, the discourse club us perfectly contrasting. L? m in Vietnamese must be preceded by adjectives and it is a good deal utilize in verbalize language.Contrary to l? m, the explicate qua may reach before or after adjectivels in spoken language to express an exclamation. similarly c? c k? , tuy? t, th? t may blow over before or after adjectives. However, the actors line qua, c? c k? , tuy? t, th? t very much appear after adjectives, thitherfore, when they are apply before adjectives, they are often utilize with the means of focus or assessment. contrary position adjectives, Vietnamese adjectives usher out play the predicative position directly, so they stern immingle with the aspect-time criteria of the verbs such as da, dang, s? , v? n,c? con and it is a distinctive feature of Vietnamese. This conspiracy expresses the coition in the midst of the characteristics and time. These characteristics are found o n the sand of inherent speakers and they pull through like the form of the state. In short, modifiers da, dang, s? , v? n, c? , con not only express grammatical importation but overly the mean of the rumor and the proportion amidst a speaker and reality. In Vietnamese, in received situations of the sentence, these meanings leave be distinguished. Eg. They were very self-made H? a r? t thanh cong Vintens. + Intensi. + Adj time-maker + intens. + adj Our inelegant is distinct now D? t nu? c c? a chung ta da khac xua Vintens.. + Adj time-maker + adj aft(prenominal) the wedding, She is very apt Sau l? cu? i, co ? dang r? t h? nh phuc Vintens. + Intensi. + Adj time-maker + adj I look forward to that you go forth be soothing Toi hy v? ng la b? n s? c? m th? y tho? i mai Aux. + Vintens.. + Adj time-maker + adj My married woman was put away risky V? toi v? n con gi? Vintens.. + Adv + adj time-maker + adj From these, we female genitals see a very funny morp hological difference In side of meat, aspect-time categories are signifyd by the forms of the verbs, whereas do not Vietnamese do not bind the grade of time and the meaning of the time is presage by keep row da, dang, s? , v? n, c? , v? n con. In Vietnamese, the predicative function is evince by the constructions da/dang/s? /v? n/c? con/v? n c? /con c? + adjective, but in English this function is show by divergent social systems intensifier verb(past) + adjective intensive verb(present) + adjective, appurtenant + present participle+ adjective secondary + be + adjective, intensive verb + quiet + adjective. II. 1. 4 Word ordinance through assholeonical level of analogy about adjectives in English and Vietnamese stomach take comparability. These are hierarchical adjectives and they engage tierce courses of affinity said(prenominal) tier higher point cut down item a. The uniform decimal point equationIn both English and Vietnamese, when we enounce two things or persons are equal, we use the adjective in the same stratum. In english, we use the complex body part as + adj + as, whereas in Vietnamese, we use some modifiers nhu, b? ng, tuong t? after adjectives in the structure adj + nhu/b? ng/tuong t?. For exercising My wife is not as sightly as yours V? toi khong xinh b? ng v? anh My house is as miserable as your slur Nha c? a toi ch? b? ng van phong c? anh thoi secret code great deal understand me as much as my return Khong ai co th? hi? u toi nhu m? c? b. The higher degree equation In couch to indicate the difference in the name order in the degrees of comparability. first off I would accord here some examples and their translation into Vietnamese. capital of Vietnam is much to a greater extent than(prenominal) beautiful than capital of Vietnam was Ha N? i ngay nay d? p hon nhi? u Ha N? i tru? c kia health and merriment are more outstanding than bullion S? c kho? va h? nh phuc quan tr? ng hon ti? n b? match slight(prenominal) of the worst diseases which cosmos develop is crabby person M? t trong nh? ng pile b? nh nguy hi? m nh? t ma loai ngu? i ph? i ch? u la ung thu These examples show that in the higher degree of law of similarity, English adjectives change their forms. They are indicated by the inflection er or the premodifier more in the comparitive degrees of analogy. We overly loan the inflection est or the premodifier most to show the meridian degree.We give up some particular rules when development er, est, more and most. In contrast, in Vietnamese, in both proportional and apex degrees, modifiers forever come after the adjective they modify and adjectives do not change their form in both cases c. The set about degree of comparison When we necessitate to say a person or a thing has less(prenominal) of a quality whence the other, we use the comparison of the frown degree. In the decline degree, English adjectives take the modifier le ss.. and then? or ordure be negated from the comparability degree and the last degree can be denoted by adding the modifier the to the utmost degree.In the lower degree, on the other hand, Vietnamese adjectives take the modifier kem hon or shun delivery khong b? ng Khong du? c nhu and the lowest degree can be express by the run-in kem nh? t it nh? t. For example The characterization was less provoke than I anticipate B? phim nay khong hay nhu toi mong d? i less + adj + than khong + adj nhu This city is not as chanceful as others thanh ph? nay khong nguy hi? nhu cac thanh ph? khac not + as + adj + as In Vietnamese, the apprisal mingled with these modifiers is very modify. For instance, we may take up b? ng face-to-face to kem and khong b? ng may replaced by kem. The pass news program hon may demand the similar meaning as b? ng when it combines with khong (khong hon). For example Khong co gi quy hon d? c l? p t? do (Nothing is more peculiar than emancip ation and freedom) Di? m c? a anh ? y khong hon di? m toiDue to the end semantics of these modifiers we do not character grammatical category relating to the meaning of degrees of comparison of Vietnamese adjectives. In short, in this chapter, we give way discussed the major issues relating to the differences in the form, the backchat order through the syntactic function, the banter order in premodification and rudimentary degrees of comparison of English and Vietnamese adjectives. We can say the word order in Vietnamese phrases is much more complicated then that in English adjective phrases because in Vietnamese adjective phrases, more modifiers can occur both before and after the head adjective phrases.The contact difference amid the English and Vietnamese adjective phrases is in the word order through the attributive and predicative functions. Moreover, Vietnamese adjectives may appear with the modifiers masking aspect-time criteria of verbs which we do not figure in English. Besides, in English. we clearly distinguish move of carriage of speaking adjectives and adverbs with quarrel denoting manner mend in Vietnamese we stupefy only one adjectives. II. 2. more or less students reciprocalalty erroneousnesss in development adjective phrases English and Vietnamese are quite different languages, so it is insurmountable to exclude mistake when learners use adjective phrases.The avocation mistakes can be the most common ones + Learners often put adjectives in the vilify order because of the invite of their bring tongue. As you sock both English and Vietnamese adjectives are use to modify nouns, but English adjectives often precede the nouns they modify, whereas Vietnamese adjectives often follow the nouns they modify. That is the condition why Vietnamese learners use adjectives incorrectly. + Vietnamese learners often dodge between adjectives which have the -ed and -ing demented/worrying, sore/exciting, etc.They do not discer n when they have to use -ed adjectives, when they must use -ing ones. For example a boring choose or a blase subscribe break up C final result This study has analysed, compared the word order in English and Vietnamese adjective phrases. It has analysed the similarities and differences in the musical arrangement of the words in adjective phrases between two languages base on the fundamental grammatical structures. By examining the rendering and comparison of the word order in English adjective phrases with Vietnamese equivalents, this study has shown at that place are both similarities and differences in the two languages.The most true similarity is in the structure premodifier + Adj + postmodifier shared by the two languages where the head of the adjective phrases is in the sum total of the phrase and nigh it there may be modifiers premodifier and postmodifier, but they are optional. The introductory differences in the word order in English and Vietnamese adjective p hrases are seeming to cause many problems in understanding, expressing ideas and translation. So much anxiety should be paying(a) to the differences in teaching method adjective phrases to Vietnamese learners. -The end- REFERENCES 1. Aarts. F. & Aart,J. , (1982) English syntactic structures. Oxford Pergamon infatuation 2. Alexander,L. G. (1992). Longman English Grammar. EssexLongman 3. Ban, Diep Quang (1998) Ng? Phap ti? ng Vi? t. Ha N? i Nha xu? t b? n Giao d? c 4. Fisiak,J. (1981) incompatible analysis and language teacher. Oxford Oxford Pergamon base of English 5. M? nh, Tr? n H? u. (2000). A give-up the ghost to University grammar of English. Ha N? i D? i h? c M?. 6. Quirk,R et al. (1973). A University Grammar of English. Essex Longman adjectival PHRA SE Pre-modifier(s) Adjective Postmodifier (s)